法句經---340

The streams flow everywhere,

諸流到處橫流，

The creeper sprung up and stands firm,

像蔓草蔓延茁壯，

having seen that creeper grown,

看見蔓草蔓延，

cut off its root with your wisdom.

應以你的智慧斬斷其根。

A. 支謙譯北傳《法句經》卷2〈32 愛欲品〉：

「一切意流衍，愛結如葛藤，唯慧分別見，能斷意根源。」

(CBETA, T04, no. 210, p. 571, a9-10)

B. 了參法師譯 譯自巴利文。

(欲)流處處流，蔓蘿盛發芽，汝見蔓蘿生，以慧斷其根。

C. Thera Narada 英譯，錫蘭、那羅陀長老英譯自巴利文

The streams (cravings) flow everywhere, the creeper sprouts and stands, seeing the creeper that has sprung up, with wisdom cut off the root.

D. 淨海法師譯

欲流奔向一切處，如蔓藤生長茂盛，見這蔓藤生長，以智慧砍斷它的根源。

Savanti sabbadhi sotā,

latā uppajja tiṭṭhati,

tañca disvā lataṃ jātaṃ,

mūlaṃ paññāya chindatha.(PTS)

---

Sentence Structure:

savanti  sabbadhi  sotā         latā   ubbhijja  tiṭṭhati
|                  |          |              |           |            |
V.act.in.   Adv.    N.m.       N.f.     V.ger. V.act.in.
3.Pl.pres.     |     Nom.Pl. Nom.Sg.     |     3.Sg.pres.
|__________|          |              |           |_______|
         |___________|              |__________|

List of Abbreviations

taṃ        ca   disvā  lataṃ    jātaṃ mūlaṃ  paññāya chindatha
|              |         |        |             |          |            |             |
Pron.f. conj. V.ger.  N.f.      Adj.f.    N.n.      N.f.      V.act.
Acc.Sg.   |         |    Acc.Sg. Acc.Sg. Acc.Sg. Ins.Sg.  2.Pl.imp.
|              |         |        |_______|           |            |_______|
|________|_____|________|                  |__________|
                         |____|                                   |
                              |_____________________|

---

Vocabulary and Grammar:

savanti, V.: flow. The verb root is su- (to flow). 3.Pl.act.in.pres. = savanti.

sabbadhi, Adv.: everywhere, in every respect.

sotā: sota-, N.m.: stream. Nom.Pl. = sotā.

latā: lata-, N.f.: creeper, creeping plant. Nom.Pl. = latā.

uppajja: (uppajja 為ubbhijjati 的現在分詞) ubbhijja, V.ger.: having sprung up, having burst upwards. The verb root is bhid- (to break) with the prefix ud- (up).

tiṭṭhati, V.: stands. The verb root is tha-. 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = tiṭṭhati.

taṃ: tad-, Pron.: that. Acc.Sg.f.: taṃ.

ca, conj.: and.

disva, V.: having seen. It is a ger. of the verb dis-, to see.

lataṃ: lata-, N.f.: see above. Acc.Sg. = lataṃ.

jātaṃ: jāta-, Adj.: born, grown, become. It is a p.p. of the verb jan- (to be born). Acc.Sg.f. = jātaṃ. (jāyati 的【過去分詞】)

mūlaṃ: mūla-, N.n.: root, ground, foundation. Acc.Sg. = mūlaṃ.

paññāya: pañña-, N.f.: wisdom. Ins.Sg. = paññāya.

chindatha, V.: cut off, destroy. The verb root is chid-. 2.Pl.act.imp. = chindatha.

    This verse consists of three syntactically separate sentences. They are:
    1) savanti sabbadhi sotā (the streams flow everywhere). The subject is the noun sotā (streams, nominative plural). The verb is savanti (flow, 3^rd person, plural, active, indicative, present tense). It has an attribute, the adverb sabbadhi (everywhere).
    2) latā ubbhijja tiṭṭhati (the creeper sprung up and stands firm). The subject is the noun lata (creeper, nominative singular). The verb is tiṭṭhati (stands, 3^rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). It has an attribute, the gerund uppajja (having sprung up).
    3) taṃ ca disvā lataṃ jātaṃ mūlaṃ paññāya chindatha (having seen that creeper grown, cut off its root with your wisdom). This can be further analysed into two segments:
    a) taṃ ca disvā lataṃ (having seen that creeper grown). The subject is omitted. The verb is in gerund, disvā (having seen). The object is the noun lataṃ (creeper, accusative singular). It has two attributes, the past participle jātaṃ (grown, accusative singular) and the pronoun taj (that, accusative singular). The conjunction ca (and) serves mainly for metrical purposes.
    b) mūlaṃ paññāya chindatha (cut off its root with your wisdom). The subject is omitted; the verb implies the second person plural pronoun. The verb is chindatha (cut off, 2^nd person, plural, active, imperative). It has an attribute, the noun paññāya (with wisdom, instrumental singular). The object is the noun mūlaṃ (root, accusative singular).

---

Commentary:

    The story for this verse is identical with the one for the two previous verses (DhP 338 and DhP 339) and with the three following verses (DhP 341, DhP 342 and DhP 343).
    The streams in this verse are identical with the thirty-six streams from the previous verse (DhP 339). The creeper means passion. It has to be cut off completely with the wisdom gained in meditation practice in order to enable us to reach the Awakenment.

---

此一偈頌與《經集》〈彼岸道品〉1304 頌的第一句相同:

Savanti sabbadhi sotā, Sotānaṃ kiṃ nivāraṇaṃ;

Sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūhi, kena sotā pidhiyyare.

也和耆那教Isibhāsiyāiṃ 29.1 章中的第一句相同。

其實也就是古漢語「人欲橫流」的意思。

在Isibhāsiyāiṃ 29章中也有人問了耆那教教主Vaddhamāṇa相似的問題：
savanti savvato sotā, | kiṃ -a sotoṇṇivāraṇaṃ? /
puṭhe muṇī āikkhe: | kahaṃ soto pihijjati? ||
(Isibhasiyaim 29.1)

Guobing 師兄提醒《長老偈》 761偈，與此完全相同。我們在此就同時閱讀《長老偈》 761, 762 兩偈：

Theragāthā 761:
Savanti sabbadhi sotā, latā ubbhijja tiṭṭhati;
Te sote ko nivāreyya, taṃ lataṃ ko hi checchati.

諸流到處橫流，像蔓草蔓延茁壯，誰能防制諸流？誰能斬除蔓草？

Theragāthā 762:
Velaṃ karotha bhaddante, sotānaṃ sannivāraṇaṃ,

mā te manomayo soto, rukkhaṃva sahasā luve.

要防制諸流需築高大的堤防，不要讓心意引導的諸流，瞬時間破壞人間。

 
《長老偈》的漢譯除了元亨寺《南傳大藏經》以外，還有《圓明出版社》鄧殿臣翻譯的《長老偈＊長老尼偈》。

鄧殿臣翻譯的《長老偈＊長老尼偈》譯文如下

761 貪欲之洪水，流向一切處；貪欲如藤蔓，處處作纏縛；洪水誰可阻？藤蔓誰可除？

762 欲阻大洪水，先得築堤埝；阻卻貪之水，不令把人沒。